Weeping Fungus

Fomitopsis pinicola

Red-banded Polypore weeping September 2014

After a rainy day last September, on a standing dead Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) trunk, I notice a cream colored blob that looks as if someone has rolled a chunk of modeling clay and stuck it to the tree. Droplets of crystal clear, tasteless, non-sticky liquid are collected in slight recesses on the surface of the fruiting body. It looks as if the fungus is weeping but I observe no liquid falling. Ten blobs, probably connected by mycelium, grow on this tree but only the four largest weep. Maybe they are the most developed. They vary in color from cream to tan to a faint reddish-brown. A few hours later, the droplets are gone and I can see the surface covered with dry pits. On the following day they are weeping again.

Fomitopsis pinicola

Red-banded Polypore not weeping, showing pits in surface September 2014

I learned that some fungi regulate their moisture content by secreting liquid via a process called guttation. Several heavy rains had fallen resulting in puddles of water on the Grayling Sand (a rare occurrence). Ample water was in this ecosystem.

Fomitopsis pinicola

Red-banded Polypore developing red coloring October 2014

I could not identify the fungus until I saw it the following April after it had further developed during the winter. It proved to be a common northern fungi, the Red-banded Polypore (Fomitopsis pinicola).  Open pores for sporing on the underside of the fungus were visible.This is a perennial fungi and should continue developing. I hope to make further observations and will report if I do.

Fomitopsis pinicola

Red-banded Polypore April 2015

Note: These photographs are of the same fruiting body taken in September 2014, October 2014, and April 2015.
Copyright 2015 by Donald Drife

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Glossy Buckthorn in Michigan

Frangula alnus

Glossy Buckthorn leaves & fruit

Glossy Buckthorn (Frangula alnus) is also called (Rhamnus frangula). It is a shrub or small tree and aggressively invades wetlands. Shiny, dark green, untoothed, alternate leaves with 7 to 9 pairs of inset veins are characteristics of this species. Its fruit is black when ripe.

Frangula alnus

L-Glossy Buckthorn bark R-Choke Cherry bark

Glossy buckthorn bark is similar to young cherry bark with white lenticels. Most of the time Glossy Buckthorn lenticels are almost round. Cherry lenticels are long lines parallel to the ground. The inner bark on Glossy Buckthorn is orange, on cherries it is reddish to dark brown. Glossy Buckthorn’s buds are rust-colored and naked. They are covered by leaf remnants. The slender twigs are tipped with velvet-like hairs. Twigs never have a thorn at their tips or toothed leaves which are characteristics of Common Buckthorn.

Frangula alnus

Glossy Buckthorn twig showing fine hairs

Glossy Buckthorn can rapidly invade a fen or wetlands. Seedlings often cover the ground. As with many invasive species Glossy Buckthorn leafs out early and stays green late in the fall. I have seen fruiting plants only .6m (2 feet) tall. It will fruit in its second year if conditions are good. The species is now found throughout Michigan and steps to eradicate it should be taken wherever it is found.

Frangula alnus

Glossy Buckthorn seedlings covering the ground

Copyright 2015 by Donald Drife

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Wildflowers in Winter: Plants Having Elongated Seedheads

Here are some of the Michigan winter wildflowers with elongated seedheads.

Onoclea sensibilis

Sensitive Fern

Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis) does not have seedpods but sporophylls. They form a beadlike structure in parallel rows that persist throughout the winter. The spores are released in springtime. It occurs throughout the state.

Chelone glabra

White Turtlehead

White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra) seedpods do resemble a turtle’s head. Opposite leaves, a dense spike with the seedpods in rows distinguish this species. It is 1-2 feet (.3-.6m) tall. It occurs throughout the state.

Anemone

Thimbleweed

Thimbleweed has cottony seed heads at the end of the stems. There are two species in Michigan, one (Anemone cylindrica) with narrow seedheads and a second species (A. virginiana)with broader seedheads. It is often not possible to separate the two species in the winter. Both species occur throughout the state. A. virginiana is the species in the photographs.

Verbena hastata

Blue Vervain

Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata) has narrow terminal spikes, squarish stems, and opposite leaves. It is 2-4 (.6-1.2m) feet tall. It occurs throughout the state.

Agastache nepetoides

Yellow Giant Hyssop

Yellow Giant Hyssop (Agastache nepetoides) has broader terminal clusters than Blue Vervain. It has squarish stems and opposite leaves. It occurs in Michigan south of the Bay City to Muskegon line. It is now appearing in plantings of native plants.

Dipsacus

Teasel

Teasel has a spiny stem and a head surrounded by curved brackets. It is 3-10 feet (1-3m) tall. There are two species in Michigan: Wild Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum), and Cut-leaf Teasel (Dipsacus laciniatus). See my August 2014 blog for more info. They often cannot be distinguished in the winter. Both species occur throughout the state but are more common south of the Bay City to Muskegon line.

Copyright 2015 by Donald Drife

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